Quiz about Certification Exam, Amazon, AWS DevOps Engineer - Professional (DOP-C01)

Question 1

You have an application which consists of EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. Between a  particular time frame every day, there is an increase in traffic to your website. Hence users are 
complaining of a poor response time on the application. You have configured your Auto Scaling group 
to deploy one new EC2 instance when CPU utilization is greater than 60% for 2 consecutive periods 
of 5 minutes. What is the least cost-effective way to resolve this problem?

Accepted Answer

Increase the minimum number of instances in the Auto Scaling group

Answer

Decrease the consecutive number of collection periods

Answer

Decrease the collection period to ten minutes

Answer

Decrease the threshold CPU utilization percentage at which to deploy a new instance

Question 2

To run an application, a DevOps Engineer launches an Amazon EC2 instances with public IP addresses  in a public subnet. A user data script obtains the application artifacts and installs them on the 
instances upon launch. A change to the security classification of the application now requires the 
instances to run with no access to the Internet. While the instances launch successfully and show as  
healthy, the application does not seem to be installed. 
Which of the following should successfully install the application while complying with the new rule?

Accepted Answer

Publish the application artifacts to an Amazon S3 bucket and create a VPC endpoint for S3. Assign an IAM instance profile to the EC2 instances so they can read the application artifacts from the S3
bucket.

Answer

Launch the instances in a public subnet with Elastic IP addresses attached. Once the application is  installed and running, run a script to disassociate the Elastic IP addresses afterwards.

Answer

Set up a NAT gateway. Deploy the EC2 instances to a private subnet. Update the private subnet's route table to use the NAT gateway as the default route.

Answer

Create a security group for the application instances and whitelist only outbound traffic to the artifact repository. Remove the security group rule once the install is complete. EC2 instances running in private subnets of a VPC can now have controlled access to S3 buckets, objects, and API functions that are in the same region as the VPC. You can use an S3 bucket policy to indicate which VPCs and which VPC Endpoints have access to your S3 buckets 1- https://aws.amazon.com/pt/blogs/aws/new-vpc-endpoint-for-amazon-s3/

Question 3

An IT department manages a portfolio with Windows and Linux (Amazon and Red Hat Enterprise  Linux) servers both on-premises and on AWS. An audit reveals that there is no process for updating 
OS and core application patches, and that the servers have inconsistent patch levels. 
Which of the following provides the MOST reliable and consistent mechanism for updating and 
maintaining all servers at the recent OS and core application patch levels?

Accepted Answer

Install AWS Systems Manager agent on all on-premises and AWS servers. Create Systems Manager Resource Groups. Use Systems Manager Patch Manager with a preconfigured patch baseline to run
scheduled patch updates during maintenance windows.

Answer

Install the AWS OpsWorks agent on all on-premises and AWS servers. Create an OpsWorks stack with separate layers for each operating system, and get a recipe from the Chef supermarket to run
the patch commands for each layer during maintenance windows.

Answer

Use a shell script to install the latest OS patches on the Linux servers using yum and schedule it to  run automatically using cron. Use Windows Update to automatically patch Windows servers.

Answer

Use AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store to securely store credentials for each Linux and Windows server. Create Systems Manager Resource Groups. Use the Systems Manager Run Command to remotely deploy patch updates using the credentials in Systems Manager Parameter Store 1- https://docs.aws.amazon.com/systems-manager/latest/userguide/sysman-patch- patchgroups.html 2- https://docs.aws.amazon.com/systems-manager/latest/userguide/systems- manager-patch.html

Question 4

A company is setting up a centralized logging solution on AWS and has several requirements. The  company wants its Amazon CloudWatch Logs and VPC Flow logs to come from different sub accounts  
and to be delivered to a single auditing account. However, the number of sub accounts keeps 
changing. The company also needs to index the logs in the auditing account to gather actionable 
insight. 
How should a DevOps Engineer implement the solution to meet all of the company's requirements?

Accepted Answer

Use Amazon Kinesis Firehose with Kinesis Data Streams to write logs to Amazon ES in the auditing account. Create a CloudWatch subscription filter and stream logs from sub accounts to the Kinesis
stream in the auditing account.

Answer

Use AWS Lambda to write logs to Amazon ES in the auditing account. Create an Amazon CloudWatch subscription filter and use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams in the sub accounts to stream
the logs to the Lambda function deployed in the auditing account.

Answer

Use Amazon Kinesis Streams to write logs to Amazon ES in the auditing account. Create a CloudWatch subscription filter and use Kinesis Data Streams in the sub accounts to stream the logs to 
the Kinesis stream in the auditing account.

Answer

Use AWS Lambda to write logs to Amazon ES in the auditing account. Create a CloudWatch subscription filter and use Lambda in the sub accounts to stream the logs to the Lambda function deployed in the auditing account. https://aws.amazon.com/pt/blogs/architecture/central-logging-in-multi-account-environments/

Question 5

A company wants to use a grid system for a proprietary enterprise in-memory data store on top of  AWS.     This     system     can     run     in      multiple      server      nodes      in      any Linux-
based distribution. The system must be able to reconfigure the entire cluster every time a node is 
added or removed. When adding or removing nodes, an / etc./cluster/nodes.config file must be 
updated, listing the   IP   addresses   of   the   current   node   members   of   that   cluster 
The company wants to automate the task of adding new nodes to a cluster.

What can a DevOps Engineer do to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Use AWS OpsWorks Stacks to layer the server nodes of that cluster. Create a Chef recipe that populates the content of the /etc/cluster/nodes.config file and restarts the service by using the
current members of the layer. Assign that recipe to the Configure lifecycle event.

Answer

Put the file nodes.config in version control. Create an AWS CodeDeploy deployment configuration and deployment group based on an Amazon EC2 tag value for the cluster nodes. When adding a new
node to the cluster, update the file with all tagged instances, and make a commit in version control. 
Deploy the new file and restart the services.

Answer

Create an Amazon S3 bucket and upload a version of the etc/cluster/nodes.config file. Create a crontab script that will poll for that S3 file and download it frequently. Use a process manager, such
as Monit or systemd, to restart the cluster services when it detects that the new file was modified.
When adding a node to the cluster, edit the file's most recent members. Upload the new file to the
S3 bucket.

Answer

Create a user data script that lists all members of the current security group of the cluster and automatically updates the /etc/cluster/nodes.config file whenever a new instance is added to the cluster https://docs.aws.amazon.com/opsworks/latest/userguide/workingcookbook-events.html

Question 6

A company has established tagging and configuration standards for its infrastructure resources  running on AWS. A DevOps Engineer is developing a design that will provide a near-real-time 
dashboard of   the   compliance   posture   with   the   ability   to   highlight   violations. 
Which approach meets the stated requirements?

Accepted Answer

Use AWS Config to record configuration changes and output the data to an Amazon S3 bucket. Create an Amazon QuickSight analysis of the dataset, and use the information on dashboards and
mobile devices.

Answer

Define the resource configurations in AWS Service Catalog, and monitor the AWS Service Catalog compliance and violations in Amazon CloudWatch. Then, set up and share a live CloudWatch
dashboard. Set up Amazon SNS notifications for violations and corrections.

Answer

Create a resource group that displays resources with the specified tags and those without tags. Use the AWS Management Console to view compliant and non-compliant resources.

Answer

Define the compliance and tagging requirements in Amazon inspector. Output the results to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Build a metric filter to isolate the monitored elements of interest and present the data in a CloudWatch dashboard. https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2019/03/aws-config-now-supports-tagging-of-aws- config-resources/

Question 7

A production account has a requirement that any Amazon EC2 instance that has been logged into  manually must be terminated within 24 hours. All applications in the production account are using 
Auto     Scaling     groups     with     Amazon     CloudWatch     Logs      agent      configured. 
How can this process be automated?

Accepted Answer

Create a CloudWatch Logs subscription in an AWS Lambda function. Configure the function to add a tag to the EC2 instance that produced the login event and mark the instance to be decommissioned. Create a CloudWatch Events rule to trigger a daily Lambda function that terminates all instances with this tag. https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/guide/cw-example-subscription- filters.html

Answer

Create a CloudWatch Logs subscription to an AWS Step Functions application. Configure the function to add a tag to the EC2 instance that produced the login event and mark the instance to be 
decommissioned. Then create a CloudWatch Events rule to trigger a second AWS Lambda function
once a day that will terminate all instances with this tag.

Answer

Create a CloudWatch alarm that will trigger on the login event. Send the notification to an Amazon SNS topic that the Operations team is subscribed to, and have them terminate the EC2 instance
within 24 hours.

Answer

Create a CloudWatch alarm that will trigger on the login event. Configure the alarm to send to an Amazon SQS queue. Use a group of worker instances to process messages from the queue, which
then schedules the Amazon CloudWatch Events rule to trigger.

Question 8

A DevOps Engineer is implementing a mechanism for canary testing an application on AWS. The  application was recently modified and went through security, unit, and functional testing. The 
application needs to be deployed on an AutoScaling group and must use a Classic Load Balancer. 
Which design meets the requirement for canary testing?

Accepted Answer

Create a different Classic Load Balancer and Auto Scaling group for blue/green environments. Use Amazon Route 53 and create weighted A records on Classic Load Balancer.

Answer

Create a single Classic Load Balancer and an Auto Scaling group for blue/green environments. Use Amazon Route 53 and create A records for Classic Load Balancer IPs. Adjust traffic using A records.

Answer

Create a single Classic Load Balancer and an Auto Scaling group for blue/green environments. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution with the Classic Load Balancer as the origin. Adjust traffic 
using CloudFront.

Answer

Create a different Classic Load Balancer and Auto Scaling group for blue/green environments. Create an Amazon API Gateway with a separate stage for the Classic Load Balancer. Adjust traffic by
giving weights to this stage.

Question 9

An online retail company based in the United States plans to expand its operations to Europe and  Asia      in      the      next      six      months.      Its      product      currently      runs       on 
Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The instances run in an Amazon EC2 
Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. All data is stored in an Amazon Aurora 
database instance. 
When the product is deployed in multiple regions, the company wants a single product catalog across 
all regions, but for compliance purposes, its customer information and purchases must be kept in 
each region. 
How should the company meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of application changes?

Accepted Answer

Use Aurora with read replicas for the product catalog and additional local Aurora instances in each region for the customer information and purchases.

Answer

Use Amazon Redshift for the product catalog and Amazon DynamoDB tables for the customer information and purchases.

Answer

Use Amazon DynamoDB global tables for the product catalog and regional tables for the customer information and purchases

Answer

Use Aurora for the product catalog and Amazon DynamoDB global tables for the customer information and purchases.

Question 10

A company has several AWS accounts. The accounts are shared and used across multiple teams  globally, primarily for Amazon EC2 instances. Each EC2 instance has tags for team, environment, and 
cost center to ensure accurate cost allocations. 
How should a DevOps Engineer help the teams audit their costs and automate infrastructure cost 
optimization across multiple shared environments and accounts?

Accepted Answer

Create an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule with AWS Trusted Advisor as the source for low utilization EC2 instances. Trigger an AWS Lambda function that filters out reported data based on tags
for each team, environment, and cost center, and store the Lambda function in Amazon S3. Set up a 
second trigger to initiate a Lambda function to reduce underutilized instances.

Answer

Set up a scheduled script on the EC2 instances to report utilization and store the instances in an Amazon DynamoDB table. Create a dashboard in Amazon QuickSight with DynamoDB as the source
data to find underutilized instances. Set up triggers from Amazon QuickSight in AWS Lambda to
reduce underutilized instances.

Answer

Create a separate Amazon CloudWatch dashboard for EC2 instance tags based on cost center, environment, and team, and publish the instance tags out using unique links for each team. For each
team, set up a CloudWatch Events rule with the CloudWatch dashboard as the source, and set up a
trigger to initiate an AWS Lambda function to reduce underutilized instances.

Answer

Use AWS Systems Manager to track instance utilization and report underutilized instances to Amazon CloudWatch. Filter data in CloudWatch based on tags for team, environment, and cost center. Set up triggers from CloudWatch into AWS Lambda to reduce underutilized instances https://github.com/aws/Trusted-Advisor-Tools/tree/master/LowUtilizationEC2Instances https://docs.aws.amazon.com/quicksight/latest/user/supported-data-sources.html

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